49 Articles
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Internal cerebral vein (ICV) thrombosisOn MRI there is subacute thrombosis of the internal cerebral veins [T1 SAG] . Venous infarction with mild hemorrhagic transformation is seen in bilateral basal ganglia ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Proatlantal intersegmental artery (PIA] Type 1
Proatlantal intersegmental artery (PIA] Type 1Persistent caroticovertebral embryonic anastomosis was first named by Padget the "persistent primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery." Later, Lasjaunias...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Pulmonary embolism
PULMONARY EMBOLISM ON PLAIN RADIOGRAPHAn initially normal chest X-ray over the time begins to show atelectasis, which may progress to cause a small pleural effusion and an elevated hemidiaphragm....
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Sub acute sclerosing pan encephalitis
SUB ACUTE SCLEROSING PAN ENCEPHALITIS (DAWSON ENCEPHALITIS)Rare progressive measles virus mediated encephalitis occurring after a clinically silent period of months – years.Etiology:...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Dermoid tumor of Brain
Dermoid tumors are not true neoplasms but are inclusion cysts composed of ectodermal elements. They are uncommon lesions, accounting for approximately 0.3% of all brain tumors.Pathophysiology Dermoi...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) refers to diffuse seeding of the leptomeninges by tumor metastasis. Pathophysiology: Primary tumors can spread to the leptomeninges in a variety of ways. Dir...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma.Originally classified as a glioma, medulloblastoma is referred to now as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). This tumor accounts for approximately 7-8% of all intracranial tumors and 30% of pediatric ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Spinal meningioma
SPINAL MENINGIOMAIntroduction: Meningiomas are the second most common cause of spinal tumor (in the intradural extramedullary location), second only to tumors of the nerve s...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Epidermoid
EPIDERMOIDINTRODUCTION:An epidermoid tumor is a benign (i.e., non-cancerous) neoplasm of the brain. Both congenital and acquired epidermoid cysts occur. They account for...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Vertebral artery aneurysm
Diagnosis - Giant partially thrombosed dissecting intra dural left VA AneurysmDissecting aneurysms of the intracranial VA are dynamic ; ruptured lesions may manifest with severe SAH and devastating n...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA)
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA) is a circumscribed tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS). A nodule is located at or near the foramen of Monro proliferates into a sizable mass that can cause ventricular obstruction ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Craniopharyngioma
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMACraniopharyngiomas are benign, extra-axial, predominantly cystic, slow-growing epithelial tumors that predominately involve the sellar and suprasellar space and are presumed to arise from remnants of Rathk...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Creutzfeld Jacob disease
CREUTZFELD JACOB DISEASEDef - Rapidly progressing, fatal potentially transmissible disorder caused by prions (proteinaceous particle devoid of DNA and RNA).Other prion dise...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Epidermoid cyst - Interhemispheric
Epidermoid cysts are benign ectodermal inclusion cysts. They can be congenital or acquired.They account for approximately 1% of all intracranial tumors. Although these lesions are congenital, patients are usually not symptoma...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
DNB Radiodiagnosis at Madurai Meenakshi hospital , Maduai, Tamilnadu- My experience
Dr Murthy is doing DNB Radiodiagnosis from Madurai Meenakshi hospital , Maduai, TamilnaduWhat is your institute name?Meenakshi mission hospital, Madurai, Tamilnadu.No o...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
DNB Radiodiagnosis at Lourdes hospital, Kochi - My experience
Dr Raghu is doing DNB Radiodiagnosis from Lourdes hospital, KochiWhat is your institute name?Lourdes hospital, Kochi, keralaNo of residents/batch? ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Arnold Chiari Malformation
In 1890s, German pathologist Hans Chiari described a series of anomalies of the caudal cerebellum and brainstem.In 1891, he described an anomaly consisting of elongated peglike cerebellar tonsils that are displaced into the upper c...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Carotid-cavernous fistula
Carotid-cavernous fistulaCarotid-cavernous fistulae are abnormal communications between the carotid arteries (ICA and ECA) and venous compartments of the cavernous sinus.Carotid ar...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Chronic progressive arteriopathy / Moyamoya syndrome.
Chronic progressive arteriopathy / Moyamoya syndrome.Moyamoya syndrome is a progressive disorder that affects the blood vessels in the brain. Approximately 10% of cases of Moyamoya syndrome are idiopathic and are t...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Carotid body Tumor
Carotid body TumorParaganglioma, also known as Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, glomus tumor, or chemodectoma, is a rare tumor of the head and neck, which is derived from the neural crest.They can occur...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
OSMOTIC MYELINOLYSIS
History - 50y/M Alcoholic with altered behaviourFindings - Hyperintense signal involving Globus Pallidus on T1W images. Hyperintense signal involving the midbrain on T2W and FLAIR images. Generalized cerebral atrophyDiagnosis - os...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy
Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy Abnormal T2 hyperintense signal is observed in the white matter of the left high posterior frontal and parietal lobes. The lesions are non enhancing and are not associated with mass ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Corpus callosal agenesis with nodular heterotopia
Corpus callosal agenesis with nodular heterotopiaCorpus callosum is the largest cerebral commissure connecting neocortical areas and develops between 12 to 20 weeks of gestation. The most anterior portion, the rostrum, devel...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Early osteoarthritis with ruptured Bakers cyst.
Early osteoarthritis with ruptured Bakers cyst.The images show loss of articular cartilage along the inferior articulating surface of the medial femoral condyle .There is mild joint effusion with fluid in the suprapatellar bursa. A...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Hypothalamic glioma
History - 14yrs old boy with c/o headache, decreased vision in left eye, weight gain and excessive sleepiness.Findings - Enhancing lesion noted involving the left hypothalamus. Hypothalamic glioma...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Cystic tuberculosis
Cystic tuberculosis is a rare but well recognised variant reported first by Jungling in early part of 20th century. He called it Osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystoides. It is also called Jungling’s disease after him. Though it was ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Prune Belly syndrome
Findings -Prune Belly syndrome with Dextrocardia wtih TOF Also known as Eagle Barret syndrome. This syndrome has derived its name from the wrinkled prune like appearance of the abdominal wall...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Duplex kidney - Incomplete duplication
Duplex kidney - Incomplete duplicationDuplicated collecting systems can be defined as renal units containing 2 pyelocalyceal systems associated with a single ureter or with double ureters. The 2 ureters empty separately into the bl...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Colloid cyst
Colloid cyst constitutes 2% of glial tumors of ependymal origin. Postulated precursors include choroid plexus, ventricular ependymoma , the tela choroidea and the paraphysis.Pathology : Gross: smooth spherical well...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
Findings - Mutliple varying sized lytic lesions with sclerotic and bevelled margins are noted.Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the proliferation of specialized bone marrow–derived Langerhan...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Guillian Barre syndrome
Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) may be described as a collection of clinical syndromes manifested by an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy with resultant weakness and diminished reflexes. With poliomyelitis under co...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Findings - MR Venogram showing abnormal T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal in frontal and parieto occipital lobes b/l.Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS) or Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syn...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Appearance of bleed of different stages on MRI
Appearance of bleed of different stages on MRI...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Fahr disease
Fahr Disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal calcium deposition and associated cell loss in the areas of brain that control movement, including basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The condition wa...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)
Neuroimaging reveals the posterior parts of the cerebrum, especially the parieto-occipital regions, to be generally involved, with relative sparing of the occipital cortical gray matter.Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome....
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
ImagingComputed tomographySolid tumours appear on CT as sharply demarcated masses, hypo-isodense with irregular but strong contrast enhancement. Calcifications are present in 10% of cases. Cystic JPAs ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Arnold chiari malformation.
Chiari Iherniation of medulla + cerebellar tonsils· 4th ventricle in normal position Chiari IIherniation of medulla, to...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Corpus callosum lipoma.
Origin- Intracranial lipomas represent rare developmental malformations of the nervous system. They result from lipomatous differentiation of the persistent meninx primitiva, the mesenchymal derivative of the embryonic neural crest w...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Epidermoid cyst
Imaging- On CT scans, epidermoids lesions usually have the same attenuation as that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); this characteristic makes their differentiation from arachnoid cysts difficult. Enhancement is rare, but can sometimes be seen around th...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Primary extracranial Meningioma (PEM)
Imaging finding:Radiograph showing opacification of maxillary sinusCT- Expansile hyperenchancing lesion Is noted in the left maxillary sinus. It is causing expansion of the maxillary sinus.His...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Neurocysticercosis
IMAGING FINDINGS-Axial T1w MR images shows multiple small focal lesions in supra & infratentorial brain showing small hypointense centreFew lesions in rt.parietal region shows minimal ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Cranial nerves Mneumonic
On = OlfactoryOld = OpticOlympus = Oculomotor Tiny = Trochlear Tops = TrigeminalA = AbducensFinn = FacialVan = VestibulocochlearGerman = GlossopharynealViewed = Vagus...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
The art and science of repoting by Dr. Keshav kulkarni
Structure of ReportWe have seen what to avoid in reporting. Before I proceed to few more tips in reporting, let us lookin depth about the structure of radiological report.The radiological report can be divided into 4 parts:1. Heading/...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
NORMAL CT HU VALUES
Air - – 1000Lung - – 700 +/– 200Fat - – 90 +/10Fat/connective tissue - – 15 +/– 65Spongy bone - 130 +/– 100Compact bone - > 250Water - 0 +/– 5PARENCHYMAL ORGANS 50 +/– 40Suprarenal gland - 17 +/–...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
RULES IN RADIOLOGY.
RULES IN RADIOLOGYRULE OF TENS (TEN% TUMOR)Pheochromocytoma follows it:10% bilateral/multiple10% familial10% malignant10% extra-adrenal10 % of insulinoma:10% are associated with men 110% are multiple10% h...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
MUHS RADIOLOGY QUESTION BANK
ABDOMEN1. Differential diagnosis of mass in right iliac fossa. [JUL 98]2. Describe the role of CT in acute abdomen. [JUL 99, 02]3. Role of USG in acute abdomen. [02]4. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome.5....
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
Signs in CNS
Icecream cone sign- Normal appearance inco malleolar joint in axial CT section of epitympanum. Intracanalicular extension of acoustic schwanoma giving the appearace of icecream cone.CT reversal sign-Relative reversal in ...
By Dr. Pavan Kumar
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